Wednesday, September 10, 2008
Chen Shi
Chen Shi was an advisor and general for the during the Three Kingdoms era of China. He was captured at the Battle of Mount Dingjun by , but was exchanged for Shu's prisoner, Xiahou Shang. In the historical novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'', due to his defeat at the third of Zhuge Liang he tried to lay his failure to Wei Yan however Zhuge already knew the truth that Chen Shi tried to blame Yan, he was executed by Zhuge. Chen Shi was rumored to be the father of Chen Shou, the author of ''''.
Chen Dao
Chen Dao was a famed military general during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Chen Dao joined Liu Bei of at Yu. He fought numerous amounts of battles across the land. Chen Dao was so skilled that he became reputed as second only to Zhao Yun in bravery within the state of Shu Han.
Ma Su
Ma Su was a military strategist for the during the Three Kingdoms era of China. He was the younger brother of Shu advisor, . Ma Su had extraordinary talents in military stratagems and was admired by the Prime Minister of Shu, Zhuge Liang. However, a tactical blunder by Ma Su at the Battle of Jieting resulted in Shu being dealt a huge defeat by Zhang He, a general of the .
Much dramatization shrouds the death of Ma Su. In the historical novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' as well as the Peking Opera ''Loss of Jieting'', Ma Su was said to have been beheaded at the order of Zhuge Liang. However, according to biographies of Ma Su and his close friend Xiang Lang in the '''', Ma Su had actually attempted to escape after the defeat at Jieting but was captured. He eventually died of sickness in jail before the ordered execution could be carried out.
A local of Yicheng , Ma Su was one of the five brothers in the family, all of whom were renowned for their intellects, though Ma Su's elder brother Ma Liang was deemed to be the most talented among them all. Together with Ma Liang, Ma Su began his service under Liu Bei around 205 AD, while the later founder of the Kingdom of Shu was still a guest of Liu Biao in .
Since the start, Liu Bei's chief advisor Zhuge Liang had been impressed by Ma Su's expansive knowledge in military strategies. Before Liu Bei died in 223, he warned Zhuge Liang that Ma Su was not as talented as he seemed and should not be given important appointments. However, Zhuge Liang did not heed the warning. He made Ma Su a personal military consultant. The two would often hold discussions from dawn to dusk.
In 228, Zhuge Liang launched his against the Kingdom of Wei. Many suggested appointing either Wei Yan or as the vanguard commander but Zhuge Liang chose Ma Su instead.
Ma Su's forces encountered Zhang He's forces at Jieting. It was here that Ma Su made a serious tactical blunder. He had camped on top of a hill, believing the height offered by the hill would provide him with a more advantageous position in terms of observation and a place of attack. The veteran general Wang Ping advised against Ma Su's decision, arguing that their water supply would be cut off and their forces surrounded. While his advice was rejected, Ma Su allowed Wang Ping to take his troops and camp nearby the source of the Shu forces' water supply.
As Wang Ping predicted, Zhang He took advantage of Ma Su's mistake by striking at the Shu camp's water supply. Scattering Wang Ping's much smaller force, he succeeded in cutting off the enemy's water supply. The parched soldiers of Shu were easily defeated when Zhang He then launched an offensive on the camp itself.
Though he survived the battle, Ma Su feared punishment and attempted to flee. However, he was soon captured and sentenced to death by Zhuge Liang. Ma Su eventually died of sickness in jail before the execution could be carried out.
Much dramatization shrouds the death of Ma Su. In the historical novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' as well as the Peking Opera ''Loss of Jieting'', Ma Su was said to have been beheaded at the order of Zhuge Liang. However, according to biographies of Ma Su and his close friend Xiang Lang in the '''', Ma Su had actually attempted to escape after the defeat at Jieting but was captured. He eventually died of sickness in jail before the ordered execution could be carried out.
Life
A local of Yicheng , Ma Su was one of the five brothers in the family, all of whom were renowned for their intellects, though Ma Su's elder brother Ma Liang was deemed to be the most talented among them all. Together with Ma Liang, Ma Su began his service under Liu Bei around 205 AD, while the later founder of the Kingdom of Shu was still a guest of Liu Biao in .
Since the start, Liu Bei's chief advisor Zhuge Liang had been impressed by Ma Su's expansive knowledge in military strategies. Before Liu Bei died in 223, he warned Zhuge Liang that Ma Su was not as talented as he seemed and should not be given important appointments. However, Zhuge Liang did not heed the warning. He made Ma Su a personal military consultant. The two would often hold discussions from dawn to dusk.
In 228, Zhuge Liang launched his against the Kingdom of Wei. Many suggested appointing either Wei Yan or as the vanguard commander but Zhuge Liang chose Ma Su instead.
Ma Su's forces encountered Zhang He's forces at Jieting. It was here that Ma Su made a serious tactical blunder. He had camped on top of a hill, believing the height offered by the hill would provide him with a more advantageous position in terms of observation and a place of attack. The veteran general Wang Ping advised against Ma Su's decision, arguing that their water supply would be cut off and their forces surrounded. While his advice was rejected, Ma Su allowed Wang Ping to take his troops and camp nearby the source of the Shu forces' water supply.
As Wang Ping predicted, Zhang He took advantage of Ma Su's mistake by striking at the Shu camp's water supply. Scattering Wang Ping's much smaller force, he succeeded in cutting off the enemy's water supply. The parched soldiers of Shu were easily defeated when Zhang He then launched an offensive on the camp itself.
Though he survived the battle, Ma Su feared punishment and attempted to flee. However, he was soon captured and sentenced to death by Zhuge Liang. Ma Su eventually died of sickness in jail before the execution could be carried out.
Ma Liang (Three Kingdoms)
Ma Liang was an advisor to the powerful warlord Liu Bei during the Three Kingdoms era of China.
He was the fourth born of five sons in Yicheng, near Xiangyang on the Middle Yangtze River. Ma Liang was well-known in his hometown for his ability. He joined Liu Bei as an aide when he came to the small town of Xinye in the early 3rd century. During this time Ma Liang became good friends with Zhuge Liang and the two swore an oath of brothership. When Liu Bei left Jing Province to conquer in 215, Ma Liang was left in the province as an advisor to the military general, Guan Yu. After the conquest was complete, Ma Liang was assigned to the department of the General of the Left .
Like Zhuge Liang, Ma Liang was an advocate for maintenance of the alliance with bordering Liu Bei's territories to the east. He was sent to Wu as diplomat and envoy on numerous occasions and is said to have gained the respect of Sun Quan, ruler of Eastern Wu. After Liu Bei declared himself emperor in 222, Ma Liang was made Palace Attendant. He accompanied the Shu expedition against Wu the following year. Ma Liang was sent as envoy to Wuling to seek allies among the barbarians of the Five Streams against Wu. The mission was successful, but when Liu Bei was disastrously defeated at the Battle of Yiling, Ma Liang was killed in the midst of battle as well.
His son was made Chief Commandant of Cavalry . His younger brother Ma Su continued his career in the Shu army.
He was the fourth born of five sons in Yicheng, near Xiangyang on the Middle Yangtze River. Ma Liang was well-known in his hometown for his ability. He joined Liu Bei as an aide when he came to the small town of Xinye in the early 3rd century. During this time Ma Liang became good friends with Zhuge Liang and the two swore an oath of brothership. When Liu Bei left Jing Province to conquer in 215, Ma Liang was left in the province as an advisor to the military general, Guan Yu. After the conquest was complete, Ma Liang was assigned to the department of the General of the Left .
Like Zhuge Liang, Ma Liang was an advocate for maintenance of the alliance with bordering Liu Bei's territories to the east. He was sent to Wu as diplomat and envoy on numerous occasions and is said to have gained the respect of Sun Quan, ruler of Eastern Wu. After Liu Bei declared himself emperor in 222, Ma Liang was made Palace Attendant. He accompanied the Shu expedition against Wu the following year. Ma Liang was sent as envoy to Wuling to seek allies among the barbarians of the Five Streams against Wu. The mission was successful, but when Liu Bei was disastrously defeated at the Battle of Yiling, Ma Liang was killed in the midst of battle as well.
His son was made Chief Commandant of Cavalry . His younger brother Ma Su continued his career in the Shu army.
Ma Dai
Ma Dai was a general of the Kingdom of Shu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. He was a former officer under his uncle, Ma Teng, and later Ma Chao, the eldest son of Ma Teng and, finally, Liu Bei, founder of the Kingdom of Shu.
When Ma Teng went to the capital on a summon from Cao Cao, Ma Dai went with him and escaped from Cao Cao's trap by disguising himself. As the cousin of Ma Chao, Ma Dai is noted for slaying the rebellious Wei Yan in a ploy set up by Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei. When Wei Yan revolted, Ma Dai pretended to join him, then sneaked up behind Wei Yan and assassinated him. His reward was the rank that Wei Yan had forfeited.
Ma Dai was a trusted general under Zhuge Liang after Liu Bei's death. He was often used in crucial parts of the battlefield during Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign alongside Zhao Yun and Wei Yan.
The exact birth date of Ma Dai is questionable, but some believe he was born around 180 AD. His death date and how he died are unknown.
When Ma Teng went to the capital on a summon from Cao Cao, Ma Dai went with him and escaped from Cao Cao's trap by disguising himself. As the cousin of Ma Chao, Ma Dai is noted for slaying the rebellious Wei Yan in a ploy set up by Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei. When Wei Yan revolted, Ma Dai pretended to join him, then sneaked up behind Wei Yan and assassinated him. His reward was the rank that Wei Yan had forfeited.
Ma Dai was a trusted general under Zhuge Liang after Liu Bei's death. He was often used in crucial parts of the battlefield during Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign alongside Zhao Yun and Wei Yan.
The exact birth date of Ma Dai is questionable, but some believe he was born around 180 AD. His death date and how he died are unknown.
Ma Chao
Luo Xian was an officer of the Kingdom of during the Three Kingdoms Period of China. Xian ended up being relegated to Badong for not siding with Huang Hao of the Imperial Court who had seized true power of Shu, through the ineptitude of Liu Shan. Luo Xian put up a defense against Lu Kang of following the fall of Chengdu by the valiant officer of , Deng Ai.
Liao Hua
Liao Hua , courtesy name Yuanjian , was a military and political figure during the Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. According to ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'', he was a former Yellow Turban rebel who proved himself a capable military general on multiple occasions. While there is no historical evidence to support this claim, he did live over 70 years, as evidenced in the San Guo Zhi biography of Zong Yu.
He was secretary to the great general Guan Yu. When Guan Yu was defeated at the Battle of Fancheng, Liao Hua was taken into the . He, however, desired to return to his former ruler Liu Bei, and thus he staged his own death. He then took his mother and escaped westward, traveling night and day. At the same time Liu Bei was marching eastward, and the two met up at Zigui. Liu Bei was greatly pleased, and made Liao Hua grand administrator of Yidu.
After Liu Bei died, Liao Hua became a military adviser of sorts to the Shu Prime Minister Zhuge Liang, and then became controller of the Guangwu region. Later, he was promoted to the position of General of the Chariots and Cavalry of the Right, made designated inspector of Bing Province, and granted the title of Marquis of Zhongxiang. He was famous for his determination and prowess and was present in most of Shu's important campaigns against the Kingdoms of and Wu.
In the historical novel ''Romance of Three Kingdoms'' by Luo Guanzhong, Liao Hua was one of Guan Yu's officers. Guan Yu was besieged in the city of Maicheng and required an officer to ride on horseback to reach Liu Feng's castle to request reinforcements. Liao Hua volunteered and was able to travel alone, through the oncoming horde of Wu soldiers, finally reaching Liu Feng. Liu Feng, however, refused to send reinforcements and supplies, since Guan Yu was besieged by overwhelming Wu troops and it might be too risky for a rescue. Angered, Liao Hua rode to Shu's capital at Chengdu and reported Liu Feng's refusal to help Guan Yu to Liu Bei; Liu Bei, enraged, ordered the execution of Liu Feng.
Liao Hua took part in Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions, and well-known for acquiring Sima Yi's golden helmet.
After the surrender of Shu Han, Liao Hua was relocated to Luoyang, but he died on the way.
He lived to see the birth of the Kingdom of Shu to its demise in 264 . In his career, Liao Hua reached the second-highest general's rank, proving himself in battle on several occasions. This was, according to some, the most telling reflection of the ill fortunes which plagued Shu. After all, many of Shu's greatest generals such as the likes of Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Huang Zhong, all met untimely deaths and could not live to see the later prosperities of Shu.
He was secretary to the great general Guan Yu. When Guan Yu was defeated at the Battle of Fancheng, Liao Hua was taken into the . He, however, desired to return to his former ruler Liu Bei, and thus he staged his own death. He then took his mother and escaped westward, traveling night and day. At the same time Liu Bei was marching eastward, and the two met up at Zigui. Liu Bei was greatly pleased, and made Liao Hua grand administrator of Yidu.
After Liu Bei died, Liao Hua became a military adviser of sorts to the Shu Prime Minister Zhuge Liang, and then became controller of the Guangwu region. Later, he was promoted to the position of General of the Chariots and Cavalry of the Right, made designated inspector of Bing Province, and granted the title of Marquis of Zhongxiang. He was famous for his determination and prowess and was present in most of Shu's important campaigns against the Kingdoms of and Wu.
In the historical novel ''Romance of Three Kingdoms'' by Luo Guanzhong, Liao Hua was one of Guan Yu's officers. Guan Yu was besieged in the city of Maicheng and required an officer to ride on horseback to reach Liu Feng's castle to request reinforcements. Liao Hua volunteered and was able to travel alone, through the oncoming horde of Wu soldiers, finally reaching Liu Feng. Liu Feng, however, refused to send reinforcements and supplies, since Guan Yu was besieged by overwhelming Wu troops and it might be too risky for a rescue. Angered, Liao Hua rode to Shu's capital at Chengdu and reported Liu Feng's refusal to help Guan Yu to Liu Bei; Liu Bei, enraged, ordered the execution of Liu Feng.
Liao Hua took part in Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions, and well-known for acquiring Sima Yi's golden helmet.
After the surrender of Shu Han, Liao Hua was relocated to Luoyang, but he died on the way.
He lived to see the birth of the Kingdom of Shu to its demise in 264 . In his career, Liao Hua reached the second-highest general's rank, proving himself in battle on several occasions. This was, according to some, the most telling reflection of the ill fortunes which plagued Shu. After all, many of Shu's greatest generals such as the likes of Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Huang Zhong, all met untimely deaths and could not live to see the later prosperities of Shu.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)